機油等級(品質),於FORMIL網頁所看到 供大家參考了解.
由於引擎科技日新月異,更高的溫度、更大的壓力、及抗氧化、
防鏽、防積碳、清淨性、分散性、環保等規範提高,而各個不同
廠商的機油配方及機油性能是否符點引擎內部工作條件嚴苛要求,
如何對上述條件加以實際引擎測試而評估分類標準各款機油,因此
許多國家與車廠即成立客觀公正的試驗機構來檢驗。
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一般標示於市面機油罐上常見的分類標準有以下幾種,
美國石油協會(American petroleum institute, API)如SF、SG、
SH、SJ、SL、SM等級
歐洲汽車製造商協會(Association des Constructeurs Europeens, ACEA)。
如A1、A2、A3等級
國際潤滑油標準暨認證委員會
(International Lubricants Standardization and Approval Committee, ILSAC)
日本汽車標準組織(Japan Automobile Standards Organization, JASO)
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(1) 美國石油協會API(American Petroleum Institude)所訂定
引擎油品等級稱為API Service Grade,主要銷售在北美地區的車用
機油以API標準來說可分為柴油引擎用及汽油引擎用兩大類:
柴油引擎用機油,如中大型貨車、 大巴士、工程重機等,這些
商用車輛大都以柴油做為燃料(Commerical Oil 商用車機油),
所以以C開頭來代表,而以A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H...來代表不同
等級如CE、CF、CF-4、CH-4、CI-4等。
另外汽油引擎用機油(Service Station 加油站),以S開頭為代表,
通常使用於轎車且是汽油引擎的小型車輛上,而以A、B、C、D、E、
F、G、H...來代表不同等級如SF、SG、SH、SJ、SL、SM等級,越往後
的英文字母等級越高,現在市面上所銷售的汽油引擎用機油以SM
為最高等級。
(2) 歐洲汽車製造商協會ACEA(Association des Constructeurs Europeens)。
在歐洲地區由多數的汽車製造業廠商組成此協會,ACEA標準來說可分為三大類
汽油引擎用機油認證以A開頭代表
商用柴油引擎用機油認證以B開頭代表
重負荷柴油引擎用機油認證以E開頭代表
以上三大類都以1、2、3來代表不同三種品質等級
1---經濟燃油,低黏度。(半合成及全合成)
2---一般中等線段。(礦物油及半合成)
3---最高等級產品。(半合成及全合成)
歐洲ACEA認證規範
A/B : A汽油引擎機油及B輕型柴油引擎機油
A/B : gasoline and diesel engine oils
A1/B1 油品用於汽油引擎+輕型柴油引擎要求低摩擦,低粘度及高溫/高剪力粘度(HT/HS)2.6~3.5mpa.s。
這油品可能不適合某些引擎。如有疑義請咨詢引擎製造商或參考使用手冊指南。
A1/B1 Oil intended for use in gasoline and car + light van diesel engines specifically
designed to be capable of using low friction low viscosity oils with a High temperature
/ High shear rate viscosity of 2.6 to 3.5 mPa.s. These oils may be unsuitable for use
in some engines. Consult owner manual or handbook if in doubt.
A3/B3 穩定,長效油品,用於高效能汽油引擎+輕型柴油引擎,符合製造廠的認可延長換油里程,
適合低粘度,全年使用要求及嚴苛使用狀況的引擎。
A3/B3 Stable, stay-in-grade oil intended for use in high performance gasoline and car +
light van diesel engines and/or for extended drain intervals where specified by the
engine manufacturer, and/or for year-round use of low viscosity oils, and/or for
severe operating conditions as defined by the engine manufacturer.
A3/B4 穩定,長效油品,用於高效能汽油引擎+直接噴油輕型柴油引擎,其規範應用與描述A3/B3相同。
A3/B4 Stable, stay-in-grade oil intended for use in high performance gasoline and direct
injection diesel engines, but also suitable for applications described under A3/B3.
A5/B5 穩定,長效油品,用於高效能汽油引擎+輕型柴油引擎符合可延長換油里程,要求低摩擦,
低粘度及高溫/高剪力粘度(HT/HS)2.9~3.5mpa.s。這油品可能不適合某些引擎。
如有疑義請咨詢引擎製造商或參考使用手冊指南。
A5/B5 Stable, stay-in-grade oil intended for use at extended drain intervals in high
performance gasoline and car + light van diesel engines designed to be capable
of using low friction low viscosity oils with a High temperature / High shear rate
viscosity of 2.9 to 3.5 mPa.s. These oils may be unsuitable for use in some engines.
Consult owner manual or handbook if in doubt.
C : 加裝觸媒轉化器相容之汽柴油引擎油品
C : Catalyst compatibility oils
C1 穩定,長效油品,設計裝有觸媒轉化器匹配之油品,也就是用於裝置DPF及TWC的高性能汽油及輕型柴油引擎,
要求低摩擦、低黏度、低SAPS油品,其高溫高剪力(HTHS)黏度高於2.9 mPa.s.,這油品可延長DPF及TWC
的壽命並且提昇維持車輛的燃油效率經濟性。
C1 Stable, stay-in-grade oil intended for use as catalyst compatible oil in vehicles with DPF
and TWC in high performance car and light van diesel and gasoline engines requiring low friction,
low viscosity, low SAPS oils with a HTHS higher than 2.9 mPa.s. These oils will increase the DPF
and TWC life and provide fuel economy benefit.
警告: 這些油具有較低的SAPS限制,也許不適合用於某些引擎。如有疑義請咨詢引擎製造商或參考使用手冊指南。
Warning: these oils have the lowest SAPS limits and may be unsuitable for use in some engines.
Consult owner manual or handbook if in doubt.
C2 穩定,長效油品,設計裝有觸媒轉化器匹配之油品,也就是用於裝置DPF及TWC的高性能汽油及輕型柴油引擎,
設計要求包括低摩擦、低黏度油品,其高溫高剪力(HTHS)黏度高於2.9 mPa.s.,這油品可延長DPF及TWC的
壽命並且提昇維持車輛的燃油效率經濟性。
C2 Stable, stay-in-grade oil intended for use as catalyst compatible oil in vehicles with DPF and
TWC in high performance car and light van diesel and gasoline engines designed to be capable of
using low friction, low viscosity oils with a HTHS higher than 2.9 mPa.s. These oils will increase
the DPF and TWC life and provide fuel economy benefit
警告: 這些油也許不適合用於某些引擎。如有疑義請咨詢引擎製造商或參考使用手冊指南。
Warning: these oils may be unsuitable for use in some engines. Consult owner manual or handbook if in doubt.
C1規範較低的SAPS限制 C2則無
C3 穩定,長效油品,設計裝有觸媒轉化器匹配之油品,也就是用於裝置DPF及TWC的高性能汽油及輕型柴油柴油引擎,
這油品可延長DPF及TWC的壽命。
C3 Stable, stay-in-grade oil intended for use as catalyst compatible oil in vehicles with DPF and TWC in
high performance car and light van diesel and gasoline engines. These oils will increase the DPF and TWC life.
警告: 這些油也許不適合用於某些引擎。如有疑義請咨詢引擎製造商或參考使用手冊指南。
Warning: these oils may be unsuitable for use in some engines. Consult owner manual or handbook if in doubt.
C4 穩定,長效油品,設計裝有觸媒轉化器匹配之油品,也就是用於裝置DPF及TWC的高性能汽油及輕型柴油引擎,
要求低SAPS油品,其高溫高剪力(HTHS)黏度高於3.5 mPa.s.,這油品可延長DPF及TWC的壽命。
C4 Stable, stay-in-grade oil intended for use as catalyst compatible oil in vehicles with DPF and TWC in
high performance car and light van diesel and gasoline engines requiring low SAPS oil with HTHS
higher than 3.5mPa.s. These oils will increase the DPF and TWC life.
警告: 這些油也許不適合用於某些引擎。如有疑義請咨詢引擎製造商或參考使用手冊指南。
Warning: these oils may be unsuitable for use in some engines. Consult owner manual or handbook if in doubt.
SAPS: Sulphated Ash, Phosphorus, Sulphur
硫灰分、磷、硫
DPF: Diesel Particulate Filter
柴油粒子過濾器
TWC: Three way catalyst
三(元)相觸媒
HTHS: High temperature / High shear rate viscosity
高溫/高剪力黏度
EGR: Exhaust Gas Recirculation
廢氣(再)循環
SCR(selective catalytic reduction )
選擇性觸媒還原脫X系統
E: 重型柴油引擎機油
E: Heavy Duty Diesel engine oils
E2 適用於自然進氣及渦輪增壓重型柴油引擎,中度至重度負荷行程及正常換油里程。
E2 General purpose oil for naturally aspirated and turbocharged heavy duty diesel engines,
medium to heavy duty cycles and mostly normal oil drain intervals.
E4 穩定,長效油品,提供更進一步的活塞潔淨、抗磨損、油煙處理及油品穩定的控制,推薦用於高效能柴油引擎
並符合Euro1,Euro2,Euro3及Euro4廢氣排放要求標準,且可在嚴苛狀況下操作運轉,如根據製造廠的建議規範,
即可大幅延長換油里程。油品適用於沒有加裝粒子的過濾器及部分廢氣(再)循環引擎和一些SCR氮化物減少之引擎。
但是,引擎製造商之間推薦各有不同,因此如有疑義請咨詢參考使用手冊指南或經銷商。
E4 Stable, stay-in-grade oil providing excellent control of piston cleanliness, wear, soot handling
and lubricant stability. It is recommended for highly rated diesel engines meeting Euro 1, Euro 2,
Euro 3 and Euro 4 emission requirements and running under very severe conditions, e.g. significantly
extended oil drain intervals according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. It is suitable for
engines without particulate filters, and for some EGR engines and some engines fitted with SCR NOx
reduction systems. However, recommendations may differ between engine manufacturers so Driver
Manuals and/or Dealers shall be consulted if in doubt.
E6 穩定,長效油品,提供更進一步的活塞潔淨、抗磨損、油煙處理及油品穩定的控制,推薦用於高效能柴油引擎
並符合Euro1,Euro2,Euro3及Euro4廢氣排放要求標準,且可在嚴苛狀況下操作運轉,如根據製造廠的建議規範,
即可大幅延長換油里程。油品適用於廢氣(再)循環EGR引擎,含有或無粒子過濾器,及引擎裝置有SCR氮化物減少系統。
被強烈推薦於有裝粒子過濾器的引擎及使用低硫柴油燃料(硫最高50 ppm)使用E6規範油品。但是,引擎製造商之間
推薦各有不同,因此如有疑義請咨詢參考使用手冊指南或經銷商。
E6 Stable, stay-in-grade oil providing excellent control of piston cleanliness, wear, soot handling and
lubricant stability. It is recommended for highly rated diesel engines meeting Euro 1, Euro 2, Euro 3
and Euro 4 emission requirements and running under very severe conditions, e.g. significantly extended
oil drain intervals according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. It is suitable for EGR engines,
with or without particulate filters, and for engines fitted with SCR NOx reduction systems. E6 quality
is strongly recommended for engines fitted with particulate filters and is designed for use in
combination with low sulphur diesel fuel (max 50 ppm). However, recommendations may differ between
engine manufacturers so Driver Manuals and/or Dealers shall be consulted if in doubt.
E7 穩定,長效油品,提供注重活塞潔淨及缸壁拋光的有效控制,更提供進一步磨損及渦輪增壓積垢控制、油煙處理
及油品穩定,推薦用於高效能柴油引擎並符合Euro1,Euro2,Euro3及Euro4廢氣排放要求標準,且可在嚴苛狀況下
操作運轉,如根據製造廠的建議規範,即可大幅延長換油里程。油品適用於沒有加裝粒子的過濾器及大部分
廢氣(再)循環引擎和大部分SCR氮化物減少之引擎。但是,引擎製造商之間推薦各有不同,因此如有疑義請咨詢參考
使用手冊指南或經銷商。
E7 Stable, stay-in-grade oil providing effective control with respect to piston cleanliness and bore
polishing. It further provides excellent wear and turbocharger deposit control, soot handling and
lubricant stability. It is recommended for highly rated diesel engines meeting Euro 1, Euro 2, Euro 3
and Euro 4 emission requirements and running under severe conditions, e.g. extended oil drain intervals
according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. It is suitable for engines without particulate filters,
and for most EGR engines and most engines fitted with SCR NOx reduction systems. However, recommendations
may differ between engine manufacturers so Driver Manuals and/or Dealers shall be consulted if in doubt.
不同於E6, E7它沒有磷及硫含量的最低限制而且允許硫灰份2.0%的最大值。
E7有包含因煤灰積垢而導致引擎磨損的測試規範(Cummins M11)而E6則無。
E7亦含有氧化及防銹測試規範而E6則無。
Unlike E6 it has no phosphorus or sulfur limits for the oil and allows a maximum of 2.0% sulfated ash.
E7 has a soot induced wear test (Cummins M11) that is not run for E6.
Also E7 has a new oxidation and lead corrosion test that is not in E6.
(3) 國際潤滑油標準暨認證委員會ILSAC(International Lubricants
Standardization and Approval Committee),由美國發動機製造協會
(Motor Vehicle Manufacture Association)及全日本汽車製造協會
﹙The Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association﹚組成,
幾乎包括了全世界數一數二的汽車公司,又因ILSAC的組織成員本身
都是引擎製造廠商,所以他們對自己生產的引擎,需要何種品質規格
的機油、他們有自身的見解,所以由他們來制定車用機油的等級規格,
應該可以提供對引擎最合適的機油、其中對於高效、節能、環保的要求
更為嚴格、所以ILSAC傾向於建議汽車消費者使用xW-30之類的機油,
因為低黏度較有燃油經濟性,也就是比較省油。